← Back to blog · August 21, 2026

New Paper: Spiralling Frontier Threats in Indigenous Amazonia

A new paper co-authored by Dr. Pierrat — led by Gabriel de Oliveira and a consortium of 66 researchers across 57 institutions — is out now in Nature Sustainability. “Spiralling frontier threats in Indigenous Amazonia” documents how legally protected Indigenous Lands in the Brazilian Amazon are increasingly encircled by socio-environmental “frontiers” — illegal resource extraction, deforestation, and violence — even as the lands themselves remain comparatively intact. Using the Vale do Javari Indigenous Land in western Brazil, home to the world’s largest concentration of isolated Indigenous peoples, as a case study, the authors show how encroaching pressure at the margins of protected territory can undermine its integrity from the outside in.

The paper argues that protecting Indigenous Lands requires looking beyond their boundaries to the frontiers closing in around them, and calls for urgent, coordinated action to prevent irreversible harm to both people and forest.

Three-panel figure showing annual deforestation totals, deforestation relative to prior-year forest cover, and total versus CAR-registered deforestation across buffer zones around the Vale do Javari Indigenous Land
Fig. 2. a, Annual deforestation totals (km2). b, Average annual deforestation from PRODES relative to forest cover of the previous year from MapBiomas. c, Comparison of total deforestation (km2) with deforestation occurring only within CAR boundaries, from SICAR. Results in a and b for the IL and its buffer zones represent cumulative values, meaning each buffer includes the areas of all previous zones. Results in c display non-cumulative values, indicating the individual contributions of each region of interest (the Vale do Javari and buffer zones) independently. From de Oliveira, G., et al. 2026, Nature Sustainability. doi.org/10.1038/s41893-026-01874-z

de Oliveira, G., et al. (66 authors, including Pierrat, Z. A.), 2026. Spiralling frontier threats in Indigenous Amazonia. Nature Sustainability. doi.org/10.1038/s41893-026-01874-z